Gaskromatografi (Gas chromatography)
Gaskromatografi er en separationsmetode, der gør det muligt at nedbryde en blanding til de forskellige komponenter, der udgør den. Det er en meget brugt laboratorie- og analyseteknik baseret på princippet om den mobile og stationære fase.
Hvilken bæregas skal du bruge til din analyse?
Oplev vores udvalg af gasser til hver type kromatografisk analyse.
Rene gasser og blandinger til kromatografi
Air Liquide leverer gasser til kromatografiske analyser til universiteter og forskningslaboratorier. Vores rene gasser og blandinger er forsynet med et certifikat. Brugerdefinerede gasblandinger kan også laves på forespørgsel.
Gaschromatografi - anvendelse, proces og anvendelsesområder
Mission
Gaschromatografi, også forkortet til GC, kan adskille blandinger i individuelle kemiske forbindelser og bruges på en række forskellige måder til at analysere komponenter, der er gasformige eller kan fordampes.
Behandle
En inert gas bruges ofte som den mobile fase, der som en bæregas skubber prøven gennem separations kolonnen. Afhængigt af de enkelte gasmolekylers polaritet og damptryk forbliver prøvens forskellige komponenter i søjlens stationære fase i forskelligt tidsrum. Efter at have passeret søjlen måler detektoren for enden af søjlen afgangstiden.
Detektorens elektroniske signaler registreres i det såkaldte kromatogram afhængigt af tiden siden injektionen, retentionstiden:
- Kromatogrammet viser koncentrationen af komponenterne som funktion af tiden i form af toppe.
- Under konstante kromatografiske forhold er retentionstiden for toppene karakteristisk for en forbindelse og kan således give kvalitativ information om komponenterne indeholdt i prøven. Til dette formål kræves en sammenligning standard for de komponenter, der antages at være i prøven.
- Til sidst bruges toparealet til at kvantificere komponenten.
Anvendelsesområder
Gaskromatografer er blandt de vigtigste analyseudstyr i forsknings- og industrilaboratorier. Selv komplekse blandinger kan analyseres både kvalitativt og kvantitativt. I kombination med et massespektrometer kan selv små mængder stof påvises og strukturel belysning kan udføres. Anvendelsesområder er primært analyser inden for medicin, biologi, fødevarekemi, miljøanalyse og retsmedicin.
Har jeg brug for andre driftsgasser eller testgasser ud over en bæregas?
Som bæregasser – optimalt tilpasset de respektive detektor kombinationer som GC-FID, GC-WLD, GC-ECD, GC-MS.
Afhængigt af detektoren kan andre driftsgasser anvendes udover bæregassen, der kan være behov for gasser ud over bæregassen - for eksempel flammegasser til at generere en flamme, brændgasser til forbrænding eller gasser til ioniserings- eller methaniseringsprocessen.
Derudover skal detektorerne kalibreres. Til dette kræves passende testgasser. Afhængigt af brugen og anvendelsen - såsom et akkrediteret laboratorium, officielle eller juridiske krav eller godkendelsesprocedurer - bør disse kunne spores til internationale kalibreringsstandarder såsom NIST (National Institute for Standardization and Technology) eller VSL (Van Swinden Laboratory) eller fra en akkrediteret laboratorium og være forsynet med et kalibreringscertifikat i henhold til ISO 17025.
Lad blandingsguiden guide dig gennem din applikation og standardblandinger til driftsgasser og testgasser - eller definer din individuelle kalibreringsgas i henhold til dine behov i definer min egen blanding.
Bæregasser og driftsgasser til de mest almindelige detektortyper såsom termiske TCD eller flammeioniserings-detektorer
- Vælg den kombination af gaskromatograf og detektor, du bruger
- Vælg området for detektionsgrænsen
- Du finder egnede bæregasser såvel som de driftsgasser, der kan være nødvendige for funktionalitet
- Med et klik på indtastningen vil du modtage yderligere information om de respektive gasser, såsom renhed eller i urenheder, direkte i Air Liquide-gaskataloget
Hvordan får du de bedste resultater fra dit kromatografi udstyr?
For at sikre, at resultaterne af din kromatografiske analyse er så pålidelige som muligt, skal du overveje følgende:
Vælg den rigtige bæregas til din kromatografiske analyse
Det er vigtigt at vælge den rigtige bæregas - de mest almindelige er brint, helium, argon, nitrogen og luft - med det rigtige niveau af renhed. På denne måde får du nøjagtige og ensartede måleresultater.
Air Liquide's ALPHAGAZ™-serie er udviklet specifikt til laboratorier og forskning. Disse gasser fås i to kvaliteter:
ALPHAGAZ™ 1: til analyser fra % til ppm
ALPHAGAZ™ 2: til analyser fra ppm til ppb
Kontakt vores eksperter for at guide dig.
Forebyg forurening af installationer og rør
Hver gang en ny gasflaske tilsluttes, skal udstyret kontrolleres og skylles. Dette er for at eliminere enhver risiko for kontaminering. Hvis denne procedure ikke udføres eller udføres forkert, kan det påvirke kvaliteten af måleresultaterne.
Kromatografisk-udstyrs kompatibilitet
For at opnå de bedste resultater er det nødvendigt at kontrollere, om udstyret er egnet til analyse af det ønskede stof, og om målesystemet kan udføre analysen i det forventede koncentrationsområde (fra procenter til meget lave ppb-niveauer).
Hvilket kromatografi udstyr skal jeg bruge?
Vores Air Liquide-eksperter rådgiver dig gerne om valg af udstyr og besvarer dine spørgsmål om gas kalibrering, rør skylning og laboratorieanalyser.
Hvordan vælger man den rigtige gas til kromatografi?
Vælg den kromatografiske separationsteknik og anvendelse nedenfor, for at finde ud af, hvilke gasser og renheder du har brug for.
Coupling gas chromatography and mass spectrometry GC-MS
Gas Quality for GC-MS Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample
(mol/mol) |
% | 0.1% | 0.01% | 1ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ | |
| Hydrogen | Generator | ||
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Nitrogen | Generator | ||
| Make-up | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ | |
| Hydrogen | Generator | ||
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Nitrogen | Générateur | ||
| Open Split | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He |
| Chemical ionisation | Ammonia | N45 | |
| Isobutane | N35 | ||
| Methane | N45 | ||
| Fast Atomic Bombardment | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | |
| Xenon | N48 | ||
Supercritical phase chromatography, SFC
Gas quality for supercritical phase chromatography, SFC
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|
Recommended gases:
| Mobile phase | Carbon Dioxide | ALPHAGAZ CO₂ SFC |
|---|
High pressure liquid chromatography, HPLC
Gas quality for high pressure liquid chromatography
Check below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|
Recommended gases :
| Solvent purge | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He |
|---|
Coupling liquid chromatography and mass detector, LC-MS
Gas quality for liquid chromatography and mass detector
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|
Recommended gases :
| Curtain gas | Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N2 |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen | Generator | |
| Nebulization or Collision gas |
Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N2 |
| Nitrogen | Generator | |
| Air | ALPHAGAZ 1 AIR | |
| Air | Generator | |
| Venturi gas | Air | ALPHAGAZ 1 AIR |
| Air | Generator | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N2 | |
| Nitrogen | Generator | |
| Chemical ionisation | Ammonia | N45 |
| Isobutane | N35 | |
| Methane | N45 | |
| Solvent purge | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He |
Reduced gas analyser, RGA
Gas Quality for GC-RGA Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
| Sample in solution | >g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample gas phase
(mole/mole) |
% | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Argon | ALPHAGAZ™ 2 Ar |
|---|---|---|
| Make-up | Argon | ALPHAGAZ™ 2 Ar |
Detektorer
Electron capture detector (pulsed discharge) PD-ECD
Gas Quality for PD-ECD Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/moe) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Curtain gas | Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ |
|---|---|---|
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Make-up | Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Discharge gas | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He |
| Cleaning | Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Hydrogen | Générateur |
Electron Capture Detector, ECD
Gas Quality for GC-ECD Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas |
Helium |
ALPHAGAZ 2 He |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen |
ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ |
|
| Mixture 5 % CH4/Ar | ALPHAGAZ MIX 5% CH4/Ar | |
| Mixture 10 % CH4/Ar | ALPHAGAZ MIX 10% CH4/Ar | |
|
Make-up gas |
Mixture 10 % CH4/Ar | ALPHAGAZ MIX 10% CH4/Ar |
| Mixture 5 % CH4/Ar | ALPHAGAZ MIX 5% CH4/Ar | |
| Nitrogen |
ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ |
|
|
Helium |
ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Cleaning | Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Hydrogen | Generator |
Chemiluminescence detector, SCD
Gas Quality for GC-SCD Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar |
|---|---|---|
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Make-up | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Oven (Air) | Air | ALPHAGAZ 2 AIR |
| Furnace (H₂) | Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Hydrogen | Generator | |
| Ozone production | Air | ALPHAGAZ 2 AIR |
| Oven (O₂) | Oxygen | ALPHAGAZ 2 O₂ |
Thermal conductivity detector, hot wire detector or TCD
Gas Quality for GC-TCD Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | |
| Nitrogen | Generator | |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | |
| Hydrogen | Generator | |
| Make-up | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | |
| Nitrogen | Generator | |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | |
| Hydrogen | Generator |
Atomic emission detector, AED
Gas Quality for GC-AED Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | |
| Nitrogen | Generator | |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | |
| Hydrogen | Generator | |
| Make-up | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | |
| Nitrogen | Generator | |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | |
| Hydrogen | Generator |
Helium Ionization Detector (Pulse discharge), HID
Gas Quality for HID Gas Chromatography
See the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser below:
Meaurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He |
|---|---|---|
| Make-up | ||
|
Purging of the optics |
ALPHAGAZ 1 He |
Flame ionisation detector or FID
Gas Quality for GC-FID Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ |
ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
|
| Generator | |||
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Generator | |||
| Flame (Air) | Air | ALPHAGAZ 1 AIR | ALPHAGAZ 2 AIR |
| Generator | |||
| Flame (H₂) | Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Generator | |||
| Make-up | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ | |
| Generator | |||
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Generator | |||
| Anerobic digestion |
Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Generator | |||
Helium ionisation detector (pulsed discharge), PD-HID
Gas quality for gas chromatography GC-PD-HID
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He |
|---|---|---|
| Make-up | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Purging of the optics | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | |
| Landfill gas | ALPHAGAZ 2 He |
Photoionisation detector, PID
Gas Quality for GC-PID Gas Chromatography
See the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer below:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Generator | |||
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ | |
| Generator | |||
| Make-up | Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Generator | |||
| Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar | |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Generator | |||
Flame photometric detector, FPD
Gas Quality for GC-FPD Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ |
|---|---|---|
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Make-up | Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ AUTO IV N₂ |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Flame (Air) | Air | ALPHAGAZ 2 AIR |
| Flame (H₂) |
Hydrogen |
ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Generator |
Nitrogen-Phosphorus or NPD detector
Gas Quality for GC-NPD Gas Chromatography
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analysis:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ |
|---|---|---|
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Make-up | Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Flame (Air) | Air | ALPHAGAZ 2 AIR |
| Flame (H₂) |
Hydrogen |
ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Generator |
Electrochemical detector, ELCD
Gas Quality for Gas Chromatography GC-ELCD
See below for the most suitable gas and purity for your analyser:
Meaurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Carrier gas | Waterstof | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generator | |||
| Stikstof | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Generator | |||
| Argon | ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar | |
| Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He | |
| Make-up | Helium | ALPHAGAZ 1 He | ALPHAGAZ 2 He |
| Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ | |
| Generator | |||
|
Argon |
ALPHAGAZ 1 Ar | ALPHAGAZ 2 Ar | |
| Nitrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 N₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 N₂ | |
| Generator | |||
| Furnace (H₂) | Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
| Generator | |||
| Oven (O₂) | Oxygen | ALPHAGAZ 1 O₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 O₂ |
Supercritical extraction, SFE
Gas quality for supercritical phase chromatography, SFE
See below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|
Recommended gases :
| Mobile phase | Koolstofdioxide | ALPHAGAZ CO₂ SFC |
|---|
Methanizer
Gas quality for gas chromatography GC-Methanizer
Consult below the most suitable gas and purity for your analyzer:
Measurement range :
|
Sample in solution |
>g/L | 1g/L | 0.1g/L | 10mg/L | <1mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas phase sample (mol/mol) | % | 0.1% | 0.01% | 10ppm | <1ppm |
Recommended gases :
| Process gas | Hydrogen | ALPHAGAZ 1 H₂ | ALPHAGAZ 2 H₂ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generator | |||